SharePoint Default Install Locations

2001

C:\Program Files\SharePoint Portal Server\

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc768027.aspx

2003

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\60

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288250(v=office.12).aspx

2007

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\12

%commonprogramfiles%/Microsoft Shared/web server extensions/12

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721635(v=office.12).aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721634(v=office.12).aspx

2010

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14

%commonprogramfiles%/Microsoft Shared/web server extensions/14

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721634(v=office.14).aspx

2013

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\15

%commonprogramfiles%/Microsoft Shared/web server extensions/15

http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/25431.sharepoint-2013-the-15-hive-and-other-important-directories.aspx

2015

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\16

%commonprogramfiles%/Microsoft Shared/web server extensions/16

SharePoint Solutions Common Issues

Help Desk
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/733164/How-to-create-HelpDesk-on-SharePoint-Online

Catalog Site but also can be used for …
Job Posting Site
Employee policies and procedures
Location or facilities information such as a meeting room list
Projects and initiatives
Services catalog
Case studies
Knowledgebase articles
http://stevegoodyear.wordpress.com/2013/09/06/creating-a-job-postings-board/