Caching

2013

SharePoint 2013: AppFabric and Distributed Cache Service
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/20348.sharepoint-2013-appfabric-and-distributed-cache-service.aspx

Past

More from Microsoft
Cache settings operations (SharePoint Server 2010)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc261797(office.14).aspx

Web Application Cache Settings
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770229
More from the rest of the web

Digging Deeper into the 2010 Caching Options from Shannon Bray (MCM SP2010)
http://shannonbray.wordpress.com/2010/04/04/digging-deeper-into-the-2010-caching-options-part-1/
http://shannonbray.wordpress.com/2010/04/04/digging-deeper-into-the-2010-caching-options-part-2

Measuring ASP.NET and SharePoint output cache
http://weblogs.asp.net/gunnarpeipman/archive/2010/04/02/measuring-asp-net-and-sharepoint-output-cache.aspx